Traditional knowledge reconciled with the scientific knowledge as a new paradigm of the conservation of protected areas: The Itombwe Natural Reserve Malambo case study, DR Congo The relevant question of the protection of the traditional knowledge of the indigenous people is at the crossing cutting edge of several big challenges to which has been confronted the international community for about thirty years. The fundamental challenge is as follows: how traditional knowledge, innovations and practices as regard to biodiversity can be perpetuated in a world in increasing interbreeding, and up to what point can be used and developed by the modern scientific knowledge? This work revealed that the management of the « Malambo » was basically built upon the traditional values which had allowed the local.